Lesson 31
Hello everyone, how are you?
Let me thank all of you first for sending several wonderful messages and support regarding lesson 30. I do appreciate your support, the suggestions, and the possible solutions you had for Mr. Birgit's messages.
Quiz:
1- Listen to the audio sounds (preferably once) and put them all on a paper. Repeat them for a couple of times and find their English equivalents. (Seen).
2- Find the English equivalent for the following words and make four sentences with each of them (one in simple past tense, negative in simple past, interrogative in simple past, and one in present perfect tense).
Black
A black bag
Red
A red flower
Bird
To cut
To find
Neighbor
Ticket
3- Say these numbers in Persian:
66 - 125 - 206 - 811 - 1996 - 2002
All right, now let's begin:
Today, we are going to see the negative form of a sentence in present perfect tense.
I don't think we'll have any problems here since we already know the negative form of sentences in simple past tense. Here in present perfect tense, we have to follow the same rule. That is to say, put 
/nu:n/ with /næ/ sound in the beginning of a verb to make it negative in present perfect tense. Is it really clear? Wonderful!
Let's see some examples:
We already know how to say this in present perfect tense:
I have broken
As you remember, it means 
/mæn shekæsteh æm/. Am I right? Good!
Now, we want to say 'I haven't broken'.
Put /nu:n/ with /næ/ sound in the beginning of the verb, and we'll have 
/mæn næshkæsteh æm/. Listen!
Now let's see this verb with all subjective pronouns. Ready?
I haven't broken = /mæn næshkæsteh æm/.
You haven't broken = 
/to næshkæsteh i:/. Listen!
He/she hasn't broken = 
/u: næshkæsteh æst/.
We haven't broken = 
/ma: næshkæsteh im/.
You haven't broken = 
/shoma: næshkæsteh id/.
They haven't broken = 
/a:nha: næshkæsteh ænd/.
You see how easy Persian is! This language has been described as 'sugar' in sweetness!! We say 'Persian is sugar'! 
/fa:rsi shekær æst!/. Listen!
Ok, let's try this verb: to cook 
/pokhtæn/.
I haven't cooked = 
/mæn næpokhteh æm/.
You haven't cooked = 
/to næpokhteh i:/.
He/she hasn't cooked = 
/u: næpokhteh æst/.
We haven't cooked = 
/ma: næpokhteh im/.
You haven't cooked = 
/shoma: næpokhteh id/.
They haven't cooked = 
/a:nha: næpokhteh ænd/.
Hopefully, this lesson is very simple.
That's it for today.
Please go to Useful drills page to keep on working!
Let's write page is waiting for you if you want to see the main stress of the new words.
See you next week!