Hello everyone, welcome back!
I hope you are enjoying the lessons. Please let me receive your suggestions. Your suggestions will bring a lot of change!
Today, we are going to take care of some new hints.
Hint 1 – As you have noticed, we have some letters after each verb when we want to combine verbs with the subjective pronouns. Look at the examples below:
I closed. You already know its meaning in Persian. Don’t you? It means 
/mæn bæstæm/. That’s what I am talking about. We have 
/mim/ after verb when the subject is 
/mæn/.
And this one: you closed. 
/to bæsti/. Here we have 
after verb, when the subject is 
.
As a general rule (applicable to all subjective pronouns in all tenses), we may skip over the subjective pronouns in sentences. It’s because the people who are listening to you can guess the subject of the sentence quite easily even if you don’t tell them the subject of your sentence. They would know the subject of your sentences through the letters attached to verbs. If I say 
/bæsti/, you’ll know that the subject is and if I say 
/bæstid/ you’ll know that the subject is 
.
Result:
1- I closed the door = 
= 
/dær ra: bæstæm/. No subjects needed.
2- You closed the door = 
= 
/dær ra: bæsti.
3- He/she closed the door = 
= 
/dær ra: bæst/.
4- It closed the door = 
= /dær ra: bæst/.
5- We closed the door. 
= 
/dær ra: bæstim/.
6- You closed the door = 
= 
/dær ra: bæstid/.
7- They closed the door = 
= 
/dær ra: bæstænd/. And 
= /dær ra: bæstænd/.
Now replace 
/dær/ with 
/keta:b/. You will say:
I closed the book = 
/keta:b ra: bæstæm/.
You closed the book = 
/keta:b ra: bæsti/.
And so on.
Note: When applying this rule, we should take care of the importance of words in different sentences. That is to say contextualization is really important. Basically, it’s the context that tells us how to use words. Example: we are sitting in the room when someone comes in. He looks at the window and expects to see it open. But the window is closed. He says, “Who closed the window?” He puts emphasis on ‘Who’. So, the best answer here is ‘I closed the window’. It’s better not to delete the subject here.
In short, the way we put emphasis on words is the same in both English and Persian.
As a general rule, we generally delete subjects in our Persian sentences when the subject is not emphasized.
You already know these words in Persian:
Yesterday = 
/diru:z/.
Today = 
/emru:z/.
Now let’s expand our sentences in simple past tense.
So far, we have learned that verbs come at the end of Persian sentences and subjects come at the beginning. We also know that all other items such as objects, time, and place come between subjects and verbs. Is that correct? Wonderful!
Last week we learned this sentence: I cleaned the table. 
/mæn miz ra: tæmiz kærdæm/.
The structure of this Persian sentence is like this: subject + object + verb.
Do you remember it?
Now we want to say ‘I cleaned the table yesterday’.
This is the English structure here: subject + verb + object + time (I use time for adverb of time, and place for adverb of place).
Let’s see what happens when we want to have the same sentence in Persian.
This is the structure in Persian: subject + object + time + verb.
So, we will say 
/mæn miz ra: diru:z tæmiz kærdæm/, which means ‘I cleaned the table yesterday’. Is it difficult?
For such sentences, we may delete the subject in Persian, if the subject is not emphasized.
All right. Now let’s try it with all subjective pronouns.
1- I cleaned the table yesterday = = 
/miz ra: diru:z tæmiz kærdæm/.
2- You cleaned the table yesterday = 
/miz ra: diru:z tæmiz kærdi/.
3- He/she cleaned the table yesterday = 
/miz ra: diru:z tæmiz kærd/.
4- It cleaned the table yesterday = /miz ra: diru:z tæmiz kærd/.
5- We cleaned the table yesterday = 
/miz ra: diru:z tæmiz kærdim/.
6- You cleaned the table yesterday = 
/miz ra: diru:z tæmiz kærdid/.
7- They cleaned the table yesterday = 
/miz ra: diru:z tæmiz kærdænd/.
I hope it’s not difficult to follow.
Hint 2- As you have seen, we have two equivalents for ‘They’ in Persian: 
/a:nha:/, and 
/i:sha:n/. I think I can explain it now that we are more familiar with this.
To show respect to the person we are talking to, we normally use plural ‘You’ for singular ‘You’ in Persian in the same way as the French use ‘vous’ for ‘tu’. So, instead of saying we’d better say .
The same thing happens with ‘He or She’. We use plural form for ‘he and she’ instead of singular form. To do this, we use for 
. Consequently, the verb has to change into plural form too. Look at the example below:
He/she cleaned = 
/i:sha:n tæmiz kærdænd/.
for 
/u: tæmiz kærd/.
You cleaned = 
/shoma: tæmiz kærdid/.
for 
/to tæmiz kærdi/.
So, from now on, make the habit of using for and for in your sentences.
Note: although is the Persian equivalent for ‘They’, it is mostly used for ‘He/She’ in Persian not for ‘They’.
Ok. With this we come to the end of lesson 14.
Please go to Useful drills page now for new words.
Dr.Annie
December 29, 2012 @ 12:49 pm
W0w . thank u sooo much , this site iz really helpfull 2 learn Farsi ..
i really appreciate u 4 ur hard work ..
نگه داشتن آن
mohamad
April 15, 2013 @ 4:48 pm
Hello
I like to help peole who want to learn parsi,now I have a lot of friend around the wolrd that I help them to learn parsi.
yahoo ID: unique_020
Email: [email protected]
skype: mohamad.fallah4
Hoda
January 19, 2013 @ 10:49 pm
Just a question? Why isn’t it ‘Aishaan Tameez Kardeed’ and why ‘Kardand’? How do we know where to use what :)? And Ur doing an awesome job! It’s only lesson 14 and I’ve learnt so much!! Thanks a bunch!
mohamad
April 15, 2013 @ 4:50 pm
Hello
I like to help peole who want to learn parsi,now I have a lot of friend around the wolrd that I help them to learn parsi.
yahoo ID: unique_020
Email: [email protected]
skype: mohamad.fallah4
Dhruv S
January 2, 2016 @ 2:09 am
Does anyone know what tamiz means
ABCD...Z
February 11, 2013 @ 2:42 am
many thanks!!!
arslan
February 13, 2013 @ 7:02 pm
@hoda aishan means they and for aishan and aanha dand+Verb is used. JAZAK ALLAH :-)
mm14
April 4, 2013 @ 1:30 am
I have a question.
I still no ra if there is no object in a sentence. E.g. man bastam or man ra bastam?
Thank you.
mm14
April 4, 2013 @ 1:32 am
sorry.. guess I shouldn’t have jumped ahead too quickly :)
Mona-Lisa
April 15, 2013 @ 8:28 am
I did not understand what you ment by saying that one should use ishan instead of oo. So when talking about a she or a he one should say ishan? Is that formal. I see that we very seldom use too but shoma. Please tell me about inshan. Anha is things and insha persons that much I know . Thank you very much for a very good “book”.
mohamad
April 15, 2013 @ 4:52 pm
Hello
I like to help people who want to learn parsi,now I have a lot of friend around the wolrd that I help them to learn parsi.
yahoo ID: unique_020
Email: [email protected]
skype: mohamad.fallah4
Salahi
June 12, 2013 @ 9:28 pm
thank you so much for this site
saba
July 11, 2013 @ 5:02 am
what is meant by ‘RA’
shalini
July 11, 2013 @ 10:08 am
check lesson 14
brennynpieper
July 11, 2013 @ 4:29 pm
Ra is used after a word to indicate that it is an object. As far as I know there is no English equivalent it’s just a rule.
shalini
July 11, 2013 @ 10:06 am
Like The Man in english language same as in persian را مردي
brennynpieper
July 11, 2013 @ 4:34 pm
Ra is not the equivalent to “the” and ra follows a word to show it is an object. The man in persian would just be مرد (mard).
Arek
July 26, 2013 @ 9:33 am
Does erasing subject rule apply only for speaking language or writing as well?
And what about using shoma in exchange for to. When I do talk with a friend without need of showing him some formal respect should I still use shoma?
İlker Ocaklı
August 14, 2013 @ 2:24 pm
first of all thank you for this great effort
i would like to ask a question:
what about stress?
in TURKISH when i say: “i bought this book today” i emphesize “today”
but when i say “i bought today this book” i emphasize “this book”
in persian is it the same way to emphasize that you want to emphasize: changing the sequence of the words?
I mean is it correct to say:
من امروذ این کتاب را خریدم
instead of
من این کتاب را امروذ خریدم
does it make a difference on emphisized word?
Thanks
Enes
February 29, 2016 @ 5:10 pm
Yes it does. You would be stressing the word just before the verb in persian, as it is in turkish.
kılıç ali
October 2, 2013 @ 7:23 pm
if did i miss or it will be taught later? when we learn about alfabet, there were somesymbols under or upper part of letters. but there is not no more. how can i read properly without these symbols? for example shoma, why isnt it shima or shamu??
Brennyn
October 2, 2013 @ 8:29 pm
That’s the difficulty of this language. You will have to use context clues in order to know what word is being used. It will come in time. Those symbols only exist to help those who are learning, primarily children.
Seohyun
August 20, 2015 @ 11:22 am
I have a question. How can you tell the difference between He/She and It when you delete subjects?
Lucie
August 26, 2016 @ 9:42 pm
You can seemingly only use the context
Ricky
August 30, 2015 @ 9:04 pm
You can’t tell the difference. You just have to use context for a clue as to whether it is he/she. A lot of Asian languages such as Indonesian, Chinese, Japanese and many others
Ricky
August 30, 2015 @ 9:05 pm
context will usually tell you who is being referred to
Marco
April 11, 2016 @ 6:52 am
Dear Sir,
Thank you very much indeed for such useful and wonderful tool to learn Persian language …. Congratulations and best regards….
Marco
muchanif
July 25, 2016 @ 1:49 am
do you have telegram admin? please give me.
my question is, why did not you write the meaning up here by word again? i’m confused the sentence so was long but the meaning is “cleaned the window only”